Assessment of Depression in Patients with COVID-19
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18662/brain/12.2/204Keywords:
COVID-19, depression, Beck questionnaire, prophylaxis, controlAbstract
The COVID-19 pandemic is probably the greatest natural disaster of our generation and the 21st century with a great impact on mental health. The present study aims to quantify, with the help of the Beck questionnaire, the degree of depression in a group of 109 patients with moderate forms of COVID-19, hospitalized in the Second Clinic of the Clinical Hospital for Infectious Diseases St. Cuv. Parascheva Galati during the period: 1.01-30.03.2021. Of these, 35 patients (32.11%) had varying degrees of depression, and had an age and body mass index statistically significantly higher than those without depression. These patients also had statistically significantly higher Charlson scores of cumulative comorbidities and required longer hospitalization than patients without depression. The severity of COVID-19 and the percentage of favorable prognosis did not show statistically significant differences between the two groups. Our study reveals a lower incidence of depression among patients with COVID-19 compared to existing studies in the literature. This can be explained by the fact that our study is conducted at the end of the first year of the pandemic when antiviral therapy schemes stabilized and population vaccination began. The high genetic variability of the virus, which can determine at any time the appearance of new strains with greater aggression, contagion or with mutations on the spike protein, maintains the need to keep non-specific preventive measures and the mental tension related to this pathology. Thus, intrapandemic psychiatric disorders remain a major public health problem and require strong government prevention and control measures.
References
Anghel, L., Ghiuru, R., & Gavrilescu, C. M. (2011). Depression and cardiovascular diseases in the elderly. Medical-Surgical Journal, 115(2), 331-336. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21870719/
Baroiu, L., Dumitru, C., Iancu, A., Leșe, A. C., Drăgănescu, M., Baroiu, N., & Anghel, L. (2021). COVID-19 impact on the liver. World Journal of Clinical Cases, 9(16), 3814-3825. https://www.wjgnet.com/2307-8960/full/v9/i16/3814.htm
Berbinschi, S., Baroiu, N., Teodor, V., & Oancea, N. (2014). Profiling method of side mill for threading screw for dental implants. Advanced Materials Research, 837, 22-27. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.837.22
Bueno-Notivola, J., Gracia-Garcíaa, P., Olayab, B., Lasherasd, I., López-Antónc, R., & Santabárbarac, J. (2021). Prevalence of depression during the COVID-19 outbreak: A meta-analysis of community-based studies. International Journal of Clinical and Health Psychology, 21(1), 100196. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijchp.2020.07.007
Cambrea, S., Ilie, M., Dantes, E., Arghir, I., Halichidis, S., & Arghir, O. (2013). Pulmonary complications in last measles outbreak among unvaccinated children from nomad collectivities, in Constanta County, Romania. Chest, 144(4), 759A. https://doi.org/10.1378/chest.1704230
Ettman, C. K., Abdalla, S. M., Cohen, G. H., Sampson, L., Vivier, P. M., & Galea, S. (2020). Prevalence of depression symptoms in US adults before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. JAMA Netw Open, 3(9), e2019686. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.19686
Halichidis, S., Dumea, E., & Cambrea, C. S. (2013). Seroclearence of Hepatitis B surface antigen after entecavir treatment. Journal of Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases, 22(2), 236-236.
Islam, M. S., Ferdous, M. Z., Islam, U. S., Mosaddek, A. S. M., Potenza, M. N., & Pardhan, S. (2021). Treatment, persistent symptoms, and depression in people infected with COVID-19 in Bangladesh. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(4), 1453. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18041453
Leigh-Hunt, N., Bagguley, D., Bash, K., Turner, V., Turnbull, S., Valtorta, N., & Caan, W. (2017). An overview of systematic reviews on the public health consequences of social isolation and loneliness. Public Health, 152, 157 – 171. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.puhe.2017.07.035
Luca, L., Baroiu, L., Ciubara, A. B., Anghel, R., Bulgaru-Iliescu, A. I., Anghel, L., & Ciubara, A. (2020). Covid-19 and the Spanish Flu. From suffering to re-silience, BRAIN. Broad Research in Artificial Intelligence and Neuroscience, 11(3S1), 01-07. https://doi.org/10.18662/brain/11.3sup1/116
Luca, L., Ciubara, A. B., Fulga, I., Burlea, S. L., Terpan, M., & Ciubara, A. M. (2020). Social implications for psychiatric pathology of depressive and anxiety disorders, alcohol addiction and psychotic disorders during the COVID-19 pandemic in Romania. Analysis of two relevant psychiatry hospitals. Revista de Cercetare si Interventie Sociala, 69, 261-272. https://doi.org/10.33788/rcis.69.16
Marin, I. M., Petropolou, M., Baroiu, L., Chirosca, A. C., Anghel, L., & Luca, L. (2020). Schizophrenia and the family burden during the pandemic. BRAIN. Broad Research in Artificial Intelligence and Neuroscience, 11(3S1), 89-97. https://doi.org/10.18662/brain/11.3sup1/125
Niculet, E., Radaschin, D., Nastase, F., Draganescu, M., Baroiu, L., Miulescu, Arbune, M., & Tatu, A. (2020). Influence of phytochemicals in induced psoriasis (review). Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, 20(4), 3421-3424. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2020.9013
Pan, K. Y., Kok, A. A. L., Eikelenboom, M., Horsfall, M., Jörg, F., Luteijn, R. A., Rhebergen, D., van Oppen, P., Giltay, E. J., & Penninx, B. W. J. H. (2021). The mental health impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on people with and without depressive, anxiety, or obsessive-compulsive disorders: a longitudinal study of three Dutch case-control cohorts. Lancet Psychiatry, 8(2), 121–129. https://doi.org/10.1016/s2215-0366(20)30491-0
Paul, K. I., & Moser, K. (2009). Unemployment impairs mental health: Meta-analyses. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 74(3), 264-282. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2009.01.001
Perlis, R. H., Ognyanova, K., Santillana, M., Baum, M. A., Lazer, D., Druckman, J., & Volpe, J. D. (2021). Association of acute symptoms of COVID-19 and symptoms of depression in adults. JAMA Network Open, 4(3), e213223. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.3223
Ritchie, H., & Roser, M. (2018). Mental health. https://ourworldindata.org/mental-health
Sandu, A. (2019). Chronic Illness and Self-Care Management. A Perspective of Diabetic Patients. Eastern-European Journal of Medical Humanities and Bioethics, 3(1), 20-37. http://dx.doi.org/10.18662/eejmhb.18
Sandu, A. (2020a). From Pandemic to Infodemic. BRAIN. Broad Research in Artificial Intelligence and Neuroscience, 11(2), 277-289. https://doi.org/10.18662/brain/11.2/88
Sandu, A. (2020). Autonomy and Informed Consent in the Context of a Pandemic. BRAIN. Broad Research in Artificial Intelligence and Neuroscience, 11(2), 260-276. https://doi.org/10.18662/brain/11.2/87
Sandu, A. (2020c). Bioethics of Public Policies. Ethical Standards in Crisis Situations. Postmodern Openings, 11(1Sup2), 141-160. https://doi.org/10.18662/po/11.1sup2/147
Sandu, A., Crițan, M. I., & Damian, S-I. (2019). Equity in public health policies. The perspective of diabetic patients. Archiv Euromedica, 9(1), 10-14. http://dx.doi.org/10.35630/2199-885X/2019/9/1/10
Sandu, A., & Nistor, P. (2020). Individual versus Social in Psycho-Sociology. The Social Construction of Reality. Moldavian Journal for Education and Social Psychology, 4(2), 44-49. https://doi.org/10.18662/mjesp/4.2/21
Shader, R. I. (2020). COVID-19 and depression. Clinical Therapeutics, 42(6), 962-963. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clinthera.2020.04.010
The Lancet. (2020). Redefining vulnerability in the era of COVID-19. The Lancet, 395(10230), 1089. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(20)30757-1
Tiutiuca, C., Drăgănescu, M., Iancu, A., Chesaru, B. I., Arbune, M., Maftei, N., & Popescu, E. (2017) Resistence profile of the isolated bacterial stems in invasive infections in three hospitals from the south-east of Romania. Revista de Chimie, 68(5), 1122-1125. https://doi.org/10.37358/rc.17.5.5625
Yao, H., Chen, J. H., & Xu, Y. F.(2020). Patients with mental health disorders in the COVID-19 epidemic. Lancet Psychiatry, 7, e21. https://doi.org/10.1016/s2215-0366(20)30090-0
Zia-Ul-Hag, M., Riaz, M., Ahmad, S., Barbes, L., Velter, V., Badiu, D., & Halichidis, S. (2014). Anticonvulsivant and sex enhancing effects of Ipomoea Hederacea seeds extract. Farmacia, 62(4), 737-742. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/282946816_Anticonvulsant_and_sex_enhancing_effects_of_Ipomoea_Hederacea_seeds_extract
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2021 The Authors & LUMEN Publishing House
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant this journal right of first publication, with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work, with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g. post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g. in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as an earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
BRAIN. Broad Research in Artificial Intelligence and Neuroscience Journal has an Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs
CC BY-NC-ND