What Can the EU's Response to the COVID Crisis Tell us About our Values?

Authors

  • Andrei Nuțaș PhD Student, Doctoral School of Philosophy, Sociology and Political Science, West University of Timisoara, Bulevardul Vasile Pârvan 4, Timişoara 300223, Romania

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.18662/jsmi/3.1/15

Keywords:

privacy, liberty, track-and-trace, values, COVID-19

Abstract

Overall, the EU's response to the COVID crisis can be said to have been one of the most ineffective in the world, overshadowed only by the catastrophic response of the US and Brazil (at least on a per capita basis). Although, one can argue more about the effectiveness or morality of the measures, I would nevertheless, like to take a step back from these discussions and consider what the non-pharmacological interventions the EU has imposed reveal about our values. The main question is: What was the axiological framework on which the EU interventions were based? To provide an answer, I will compare the EU approach with South Korea’s approach in dealing with the pandemic. The former’s approach is a traditional approach, which mostly avoids the use of advanced data analysis and predictive analysis, focusing mainly on restricting free movement through social distancing and quarantine. This is complemented by tests, which are primarily diagnostic. The latter makes full use of the most modern methods, attempting to parallel the minimisation of the use of traditional methods of restricting movement with the minimisation of deaths caused by the virus. After a more detailed presentation of the methodologies of the two sides, I will consider what these modern methods entail and what would have to be sacrificed to use them. This will reveal that giving up confidentiality is the main cost that the European community should have offered in exchange for following the South Korean path. The analysis of the data will show how privacy and other values, such as economic prosperity, education, equality, freedom, mental health and ultimately life itself, were affected by the two strategies. Based on the evidence from the analysis I will conclude that privacy is more important to the average European than any of the other proposed values, including life itself.

References

Abuhammad, S., Khabour, O. F., & Alzoubi, K. H. (2020). COVID-19 Contact-Tracing Technology: Acceptability and Ethical Issues of Use. Patient Preference and Adherence, 14, 1639–1647. https://doi.org/10.2147/PPA.S276183

Alyssa L., & Hervé L. (2021). Covid Performance Index Deconstructing Pandemic Responses. Lowy Institute: Australia. https://interactives.lowyinstitute.org/features/covid-performance/

Auray, S., & Eyquem, A, (2020), The macroeconomic effects of lockdown policies. Jurnal of Public Economics, 190. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpubeco.2020.104260

Bagchi, K., Bannan, C., Franklin, S. B., Hurlburt, H., Sarkesian, L., Schulman, R., & Stager, J. (2020, July 2). Digital Tools for COVID-19 Contact Tracing: Identifying and Mitigating the Equity, Privacy, and Civil Liberties Concerns. https://ethics.harvard.edu/files/center-for-ethics/files/22civilliberties.pdf?m=1593709566

Berman, G., Carter, K., García-Herranz, M., & Sekara, V. (2020, January). Digital contact tracing and surveillance during COVID-19 General and Child-specific Ethical Issues. https://www.unicef-irc.org/publications/pdf/WP2020-01.pdf

Brooks, S. K., Webster, R. K., Smith, L. E., Woodland, L., Wessely, S., Greenberg, N., & Rubin, G. J. (2020). The psychological impact of quarantine and how to reduce it: rapid review of the evidence. The Lancet. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(20)30460-8

Choi, S. & Powers, T. L. (2020). COVID-19: Lessons from South Korean pandemic communications strategy. International Journal of Healthcare Management,14(1), 271-279. https://doi.org/10.1080/20479700.2020.1862997

De La Serna, J. M. (2020). Mental Health and Lockdown. In In J.M. De la Serna, Psychological Aspects in time of Pandemic, (pp.128-178). Tektime.

Delanty, G. (2020). Six political philosophies in search of a virus: Critical perspectives on the coronavirus pandemic. LEQS Paper No. 156/2020. https://www.lse.ac.uk/european-institute/Assets/Documents/LEQS-Discussion-Papers/LEQSPaper156.pdf

Dubov, A., & Shoptaw, S. (2020). The Value and Ethics of Using Technology to Contain the COVID-19 Epidemic. The American Journal of Bioethics, 1–5. https://doi.org/10.1080/15265161.2020.1764136

European Union Agency of Fundamental Rights (2020, June 30). Coronavirus Pandemic In The Eu – Fundamental Rights Implications: Focus On Social Rights. https://fra.europa.eu/en/publication/2020/covid19-rights-impact-june-1

Frnda, J. & Durica, M. (2021). On Pilot Massive COVID-19 Testing by Antigen Tests in Europe. Case Study: Slovakia. Infectious Disease Reports, 13(1), 45-57. https://doi.org/10.3390/idr13010007

Graham, C. (2020). The human costs of the pandemic: Is it time to prioritize well-being? In B. S. Coulibali et al. (Eds.), Reimagining the global economy: Building back better in a post-COVID-19 world, pp. 78 – 86. https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/Reimagining-Global-Economy.pdf#page=79

Gates, B. & Gates, M. (2020, September). Goalkeepers Report. COVID-19 a global perspective. Gatesfoundation.https://www.gatesfoundation.org/goalkeepers/report/2020-report/

Green, F. (2020). Schoolwork in lockdown: new evidence on the epidemic of educational poverty. https://www.llakes.ac.uk/sites/default/files/LLAKES%20Working%20Paper%2067.pdf .

Iyamu, I. (2020). The Lockdown dilemma: an ethical analysis of alternative approaches to managing the COVID-19 pandemic. International Journal of Health and Biological Sciences. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/343684807_The_Lockdown_dilemma_an_ethical_analysis_of_alternative_approaches_to_managing_the_COVID-19_pandemic

Jeong, E., Hagose, M., Jung, H., Ki, M., & Flahault, A. (2021). Understanding South Korea’s Response to the COVID-19 Outbreak: A Real-Time Analysis. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(24), 9571. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17249571

Kloppers, D. (2020), “Eish – this lockdown!” Research about teenagers’ experiences during the lockdown. LitNet Akademies, 514 – 545. https://www.litnet.co.za/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/LitNet_Akademies_17-2_Kloppers_514-545.pdf

Klar, R., & Lanzerath, D. (2020). The ethics of COVID-19 tracking apps – challenges and voluntariness. Research Ethics, 16(3-4), 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1177/1747016120943622

Lu, G., Razum, O., Jahn, A., Zhang, Y., Sutton, B., Sridar, D., Ariyoshi, K., von Seidlein, L., & Muller, O.(2021). COVID-19 in Germany and China: mitigation versus elimination. Global Health Action, 14(1), 1-1. https://doi.org/10.1080/16549716.2021.1875601

Ferretti, L., Wymant, C., Kendall, M., Zhao, L, Nurtay, A., Abeler-Dorner, L, Parker, M., Bonsall, D., & Fraser, C. (2020). Quantifying SARS-CoV-2 transmission suggests epidemic control with digital contact tracing. Science. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.abb6936

Martin, A., Markhvida, M., Hallegatte, S. & Walsh, B. (2020). Socio-Economic Impacts of COVID-19 on Household Consumption and Poverty. Economics of Disasters and Climate Change, 4, 453–479. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41885-020-00070-3

Palomino, J. C., Rodríguez, J. G., & Sebastian, R. (2020). Wage inequality and poverty effects of lockdown and social distancing in Europe. European Economic Review, 103564. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.euroecorev.2020.103564

Pieh, C., Budimir, S., & Probst, T. (2020). The effect of age, gender, income, work, and physical activity on mental health during coronavirus disease (COVID-19) lockdown in Austria. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 136. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychores.2020.110186

Ranisch, R. & Nijsingh, N., Buyx, A.M., Friedrich, O. et al. (2020), Ethics of digital contact tracing apps for the Covid-19 pandemic response. Kompetenznetz Public Health COVID-19. https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.23149.00485

Ryan, M. (2020). In defence of digital contacttracing: human rights, South Korea and Covid-1 elements of style. International Journal of Pervasive Computing and Communications, 16 (4), 383 – 407. https://www.emerald.com/insight/1742-7371.htm

Perez-Vincent, S., Carreras, E., Gibbons, M. A., Murphy, T. E., & Rossi, M. A. (2020). COVID-19 Lockdowns and Domestic Violence. Institutions for Development Sector. https://www.iassw-aiets.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/COVID-19-Lockdowns-and-Domestic-Violence-Evidence-from-Two-Studies-in-Argentina.pdf

Savulescu, J., Persson, I., & Wilkinson, D. (2020). Utilitarianism and the pandemic. Bioethics, 34, 620–632. https://doi.org/10.1111/bioe.12771

Schwak, J. (2020). A Democratic tour de force How the Korean State Successfully Limited the Spread of COVID-19 art of writing a scientific article. https://www.ifri.org/sites/default/files/atoms/files/schwak_south_korea_covid19_2020.pdf

Schwering, M. (2020, April 4). Jürgen Habermas über Corona: „So viel Wissen über unser Nichtwissen gab es noch nie“. Frankfurter Rundschau. https://www.fr.de/kultur/gesellschaft/juergen-habermas-coronavirus-krise-covid19-interview-13642491.html

United Nations. (2020, May 13). Policy Brief: COVID-19 and the Need for Action on Mental Health. https://unsdg.un.org/sites/default/files/2020-05/UN-Policy-Brief-COVID-19-and-mental-health.pdf

World Health Organization. (2020, May 28). Ethical considerations to guide the use of digital proximity tracking technologies for COVID-19 contact tracing.https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/WHO-2019-nCoV-Ethics_Contact_tracing_apps-2020.1

Downloads

Published

2021-07-27

How to Cite

Nuțaș, A. (2021). What Can the EU’s Response to the COVID Crisis Tell us About our Values? . Journal for Social Media Inquiry, 3(1), 32-49. https://doi.org/10.18662/jsmi/3.1/15