Typology of Perfectionists in the Context of Procrastination and Age among Female Students of Humanities
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18662/rrem/13.4/487Keywords:
perfectionism typology, academic procrastination, age, female students, humanistic sciencesAbstract
The study aims to find out the connection between perfectionists according to Parker (1997), Doktorová & Piteková, (2020a) namely functional, dysfunctional perfectionists and non-perfectionists, academic procrastination, and age in female students. Two questionnaires were used during the research, namely the Frost's Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale (F-MPS) and the Procrastination Scale for Student population (PSS), which we administered to the research sample (N = 344) in the age span of 18 to 25. Through the non-hierarchical cluster analysis (k-means) we identified three types of perfectionists in the sample. The comparison of three types of perfectionism with academic procrastination showed statistically significant differences in the following way: the dysfunctional perfectionists achieved the highest score on the scale of academic procrastination compared with functional perfectionists and non-perfectionists. Furthermore, we did not identify statistically significant differences between typology of perfectionism and age.
References
Arnett, J. J. (2007). Emerging adulthood: What is it, and what is it good for? Child Development Perspectives, 1(2), 68-73. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1750-8606. 2007.00016.x
Bieling, P. J., Israeli, A. L., & Antony, M. M. (2004). Is perfectionism good, bad, or both? Examining models of the perfectionism construct. Personality and Individual Differences, 36(6), 1373–1385. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0191-8869(03)00235-6
Brownlow, S., & Reasinger, R. D. (2000). Putting off until tomorrow what is better done today: Academic procrastination as a function of motivation toward college work. Journal of Social Behavior and Personality, 15(5), 15-34. http://web.csulb.edu/~djorgens/brownlow.pdf
Bujnovská, T., & Greifová, J. (2010). Prokrastinácia: prevalencia, príčiny a vzťah k osobnostným rysom v rámci Big Five modelu osobnosti [Procrastination: prevalence, causes and relationship to personality traits within the Big Five personality model]. 6. Študentská vedecká konferencia: Zborník príspevkov [6. Student scientific conference: Proceedings], Prešov, 875-904. https://www.pulib.sk/web/kniznica/elpub/dokument/Chovanec2/subor/77.pdf
Burgess, A., & DiBartolo, P. M. (2016). Anxiety and Perfectionism: Relationships, Mechanisms, and Conditions. V F. M. Sirois & D. S. Molnar (Ed.), Perfectionism, Health, and Well-Being (s. 177–203). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-18582-8_8
Devečková, M. (2010). Štúdium psychológie z pohľadu študentov posledného ročníka [Study of psychology from the perspective of final year students] [Unpublished master's thesis]. Masarykova univerzita.
Doktorová, D., & Piteková, N. (2020a). Tripartite Typology of Perfectionism among Psychology Students. Postmodern Openings, 11(1Sup1), 45-60. https://doi.org/10.18662/po/11.1sup1/122
Doktorová, D., & Piteková, N. (2020b). Determination of Differences in Personality Characteristics in Indi-vidual Types of Perfectionism in Humanistic Sciences. Postmodern Openings, 11(4), 20-40. https://doi.org/10.18662/po/11.4/221
Egan, S. J., Wade, T. D., & Shafran, R., & Antony, M. M. (2014). Cognitive-Behavioral Treatment of Perfectionism. The Guilford Press.
Egan, S. J., Wade, T. D., & Shafran, R. (2011). Perfectionism as a transdiagnostic process: A clinical review. Clinical Psychology Review, 31(2), 203–212. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2010.04.009
Enns, M. W., Cox, B. J., Sareen, J., & Freeman, P. (2001). Adaptive and maladaptive perfectionism in medical students: A longitudinal investigation. Medical Education, 35, 1034-1042. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2923.2001.01044.x
Ferrari, J. R., Johnson, J. L., & McCown, W. G. (1995). Procrastination and task avoidance: Theory, research, and treatment. Plenum Press. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-0227-6
Frost, R. O., Marten, P., Lahart, C., & Rosenblate, R. (1990). The dimensions of perfectionism. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 14(5), 449–468. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01172967
Hawkins, C. C. (2005, 27 November - 1 December 2005). A clarification of multidimensionality and perfectionist typology with the Frost Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale. [Conference presentation]. The annual AARE Conference, Parramatta, Sydney. http://www.aare.edu.au/data/publications/2005/haw05684.pdf
Hawkins, C. C., Watt, H. M. G., & Sinclair, K. E. (2006). Psychometric Properties of the Frost Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale With Australian Adolescent Girls: Clarification of Multidimensionality and Perfectionist Typology. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 66(6), 1001–1022. https://doi.org/10.1177/0013164405285909
Knaus, W. J. (2000). Procrastination, blame, and change. Journal of Social Behavior & Personality, 15(5), 153-166.
Landa, C. E., & Bybee, J. A. (2007). Adaptive elements of aging: Self-image discrepancy, perfectionism, and eating problems. Developmental Psychology 43(1), 83-93. https://doi.org/10.1037/0012-1649.43.1.83
Lay, C. H. (1986). At last, my research article on procrastination. Journal of Research in Personality, 20(4), 474–495. https://doi.org/10.1016/0092-6566(86)90127-3
Lee, L. (2007). Dimensions of perfectionism and life stress: predicting symptoms of psychopathology [Unpublished doctoral dissertation]. Queen’s University Kingston].
Murgašová, M. (2011). Vzťah perfekcionizmu a emocionálnej Inteligencie k pracovnému výkonu [Relation of perfectionism and emotional Intelligence to work performance] [Unpublished doctoral dissertation]. Univerzita Komenského v Bratislave.
Nábělková, E., & Filiačová, M. (2011). Perfekcionizmus vo vzťahu k subjektívnej pohode [Perfectionism in relation to subjective well-being]. Sociálne procesy a osobnosť 2010: zborník príspevkov z 13. ročníka medzinárodnej vedeckej konferencie [Social Processes and Personality 2010: Proceedings of the 13th International Scientific Conference] (pp. 256-264). Košice.
Onwuegbuzie, A. J. (2000). Academic procrastinators and perfectionistic tendencies among graduate students. Journal of Social Behavior & Personality, 15(5), 103-109.
Park, H-J., & Jeong, D. Y. (2015). Psychological well-being, life satisfaction, and self-esteem among adaptive perfectionists, maladaptive perfectionists, and nonperfectionists. Personality and Individual Differences, 72, 165–170. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2014.08.031
Parker, W. D. (1997). An empirical typology of perfectionism in academically talented children. American Educational Research Journal, 34(3), 545–562. https://doi.org/10.2307/1163249
Pirbaglou, M., Cribbie, R., Irvine, J., Radhu, N., Vora, K., & Ritvo, P. (2013). Perfectionism, Anxiety, and Depressive Distress: Evidence for the Mediating Role of Negative Automatic Thoughts and Anxiety Sensitivity. Journal of American College Health, 61(8), 477–483. https://doi.org/10.1080/07448481.2013.833932
Rakes, G., & Dunn, K. (2014). The Influence of Perfectionism on Procrastination in Online Graduate Education Students. In M. Searson & M. Ochoa (Eds.), Proceedings of SITE 2014--Society for Information Technology & Teacher Education International Conference (pp. 799-803). Association for the Advancement of Computing in Education (AACE). https://www.learntechlib.org/primary/p/130857/
Rice, K. G., & Lapsley, D. K. (2001). Perfectionism, coping, and emotional adjustment. Journal of College Student Development, 42(2), 157–168.
Saddler, C. D., & Sacks, L. A. (1993). Multidimensional Perfectionism and Academic Procrastination: Relationships with Depression in University Students1. Psychological Reports, 73(3_part_1), 863–871. https://doi.org/10.1177/00332941930733pt123
Schouwenburg, H. C., & Lay, C. H. (1995). Trait procrastination and the Big Five factors of personality. Personality and Individual Differences, 18(4), 481–490. https://doi.org/10.1016/0191-8869(94)00176-S
Shahar, G., Blatt, S., Zuroff, D., & Pilkonis, P. (2003). Role of perfectionism and personality disorder features in response to brief treatment for depression. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology, 71(3), 629–633. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006X.71.3.629
Schweigerová, K., & Slavkovská, M. (2015). Akademická prokrastinácia v kontexte exekutívnych funkcií. [Academic procrastination in the context of executive functions] E – psychologie, 9(2), 26-35. http://e-psycholog.eu/pdf/schweigerova_etal.pdf
Seo, E. H. (2008). Self-efficacy as a Mediator in the Relationship between self-oriented Perfectionism and Academic Procrastination. Socıal Behavıor And Personalıty, 36(6), 753-764.
Sliviaková, A. (2007). Akademická prokrastinace ve vztahu k perfekcionismu [Academic procrastination in relation to perfectionism] [Unpublished master's thesis]. Masarykova univerzita.
Steel, P. (2007). The nature of procrastination: A meta-analytic and theoretical review of quintessential self-regulatory failure. Psychological Bulletin, 133(1), 65-94. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.133.1.65
Stoeber, J., & Joormann, J. (2001). Worry, procrastination and perfectionism: Differentiating amount of worry, pathological worry, anxiety and depression. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 25(1), 49–60.https://kar.kent.ac.uk/4475/1/Stoeber_&_Joormann_Procrastination_2001.pdf
Solomon, L. J., & Rothblum, E. D. (1984). Academic procrastination: Frequency and cognitive-behavioral correlates. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 31(4), 503–509. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-0167.31.4.503
Stopková, K. (2005). Perfekcionismus ve vztahu k vybraným kognitivním funkcím [Perfectionism in relation to selected cognitive functions] [Unpublished master's thesis]. Masarykova univerzita.
Wang, K. T., Yuen, M., & Slaney, R. B. (2009). Perfectionism, Depression, Loneliness, and Life Satisfaction: A Study of High School Students in Hong Kong. The Counseling Psychologist, 37(2), 249–274. https://doi.org/10.1177/0011000008315975
Wheeler, H. A., Blankstein, K. R., Antony, M. M., McCabe, R. E., & Bieling, P. J. (2011). Perfectionism in anxiety and depression: Comparisons across disorders, relations with symptom severity, and role of comorbidity. International Journal of Cognitive Therapy, 4, 66–91. https://doi.org/10.1521/ijct.2011.4.1.66
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2021 The Authors & LUMEN Publishing House

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant this journalright of first publication, with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work, with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g. post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g. in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as an earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
Revista Romaneasca pentru Educatie Multidimensionala Journal has an Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs
CC BY-NC-ND