Stronger Together: How Family Quality of Life, Hope, and Social Support Alleviate Psychological Distress in Families Experiencing Disability

Authors

  • Alexandra Maftei Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences, Department of Education Sciences, “Alexandru Ioan Cuza” University of Iasi, Romania
  • Bogdan Mihail Cobzeanu Faculty of Medical Bioengineering, Department of Biomedical Sciences, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi, Romania
  • Iulia Cristina Roca Faculty of Medicine, Surgery II Department, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi, Romania

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.18662/rrem/17.1/947

Keywords:

disability, distress, social support, family quality of life, hope

Abstract

The current study aimed to explore the role of perceived social support, family quality of life, and hope in mitigating psychological distress among adults, particularly in the context of families with members who have disabilities. Specifically, this research examined whether individuals with a family member with a disability may experience higher levels of distress and how social support, hope, and family quality of life may contribute to alleviating depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms. The convenient sample comprised 161 adults aged 18 to 73 (M age = 38.26, SD= 10.24, 55.3% females). Of the respondents, 39.1% reported having a family member with a disability in their close (nuclear) family. Results indicated that higher perceived social support, hope, and family quality of life may contribute to lower psychological distress.  However, contrary to our assumption, participants who had a family member with disabilities reported marginally significantly lower psychological distress. We discuss these results in the light of their potential practical implications, arguing that the interventions aimed to reduce psychological distress should be multi-faceted, addressing both internal (like family quality of life and hope) and external factors (such as support systems tailored to the unique challenges of different family contexts).

References

Barry, V., Stout, M. E., Lynch, M. E., Mattis, S., Tran, D. Q., Antun, A., Ribeiro, M. J., Stein, S. F., & Kempton, C. L. (2020). The effect of psychological distress on health outcomes: A systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies. Journal of Health Psychology, 25(2), 227–239. https://doi.org/10.1177/1359105319842931

Boss, P., Bryant, & Family stress management: A contextual approach, J. A. (2016). Family stress management: A contextual approach. Sage Publications.

Cheng, S., Li, J., Li, Q., Li, X., & Luo, Y. (2024). Family quality of life of parents of children with intellectual disability: Do psychological stress and parental involvement matter? Journal of Intellectual Disabilities, 17446295241254624. https://doi.org/10.1177/17446295241254624

Ciarrochi, J., Parker, P., Kashdan, T. B., Heaven, P. C. L., & Barkus, E. (2015). Hope and emotional well-being: A six-year study to distinguish antecedents, correlates, and consequences. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 10(6), 520–532. https://doi.org/10.1080/17439760.2015.1015154

Dawson, F., Shanahan, S., Fitzsimons, E., O’Malley, G., Mac Giollabhui, N., & Bramham, J. (2016). The impact of caring for an adult with intellectual disability and psychiatric comorbidity on carer stress and psychological distress. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 60(6), 553–563. https://doi.org/10.1111/jir.12269

Eifert, E. K., Adams, R., Dudley, W., & Perko, M. (2015). Family Caregiver Identity: A Literature Review. American Journal of Health Education, 46(6), 357–367. https://doi.org/10.1080/19325037.2015.1099482

Erkuş, Ş., & Gümüş, A. B. (2024). Hope and psychological resilience in primary caregivers of patients with a chronic mental illness followed in a community mental health center. Archives of Psychiatric Nursing, 50, 87–93. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apnu.2024.03.010

Estes, A., Olson, E., Sullivan, K., Greenson, J., Winter, J., Dawson, G., & Munson, J. (2013). Parenting-related stress and psychological distress in mothers of toddlers with autism spectrum disorders. Brain and Development, 35(2), 133–138. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.braindev.2012.10.004

Foti, F. L., Karner-Huţuleac, A., & Maftei, A. (2023). The value of motherhood and psychological distress among infertile women: The mediating role of coping strategies. Frontiers in Public Health, 11, 1024438. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2023.1024438

Fusar‐Poli, L., Surace, T., Meo, V., Patania, F., Avanzato, C., Pulvirenti, A., Aguglia, E., & Signorelli, M. S. (2022). Psychological well‐being and family distress of Italian caregivers during the COVID‐19 outbreak. Journal of Community Psychology, 50(5), 2243–2259. https://doi.org/10.1002/jcop.22772

George, E. S., Kecmanovic, M., Meade, T., & Kolt, G. S. (2020). Psychological distress among carers and the moderating effects of social support. BMC Psychiatry, 20(1), 154. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-020-02571-7

Götze, H., Brähler, E., Gansera, L., Polze, N., & Köhler, N. (2014). Psychological distress and quality of life of palliative cancer patients and their caring relatives during home care. Supportive Care in Cancer, 22(10), 2775–2782. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00520-014-2257-5

Griggs, S., & Crawford, S. L. (2017). Hope, Core Self-Evaluations, Emotional Well-Being, Health-Risk Behaviors, and Academic Performance in University Freshmen. Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services, 55(9), 33–42. https://doi.org/10.3928/02793695-20170818-11

Hoffman, L., Marquis, J., Poston, D., Summers, J. A., & Turnbull, A. (2006). Assessing Family Outcomes: Psychometric Evaluation of the Beach Center Family Quality of Life Scale. Journal of Marriage and Family, 68(4), 1069–1083. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-3737.2006.00314.x

Holm, K. E., Bowler, R. P., Make, B. J., & Wamboldt, F. S. (2009). Family Relationship Quality is Associated with Psychological Distress, Dyspnea, and Quality of Life in COPD. COPD: Journal of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, 6(5), 359–368. https://doi.org/10.1080/15412550903143919

Iacob, C. I., Avram, E., Cojocaru, D., & Podina, I. R. (2020). Resilience in Familial Caregivers of Children with Developmental Disabilities: A Meta-analysis. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 50(11), 4053–4068. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-020-04473-9

Jokela, M. (2022). Why is cognitive ability associated with psychological distress and wellbeing? Exploring psychological, biological, and social mechanisms. Personality and Individual Differences, 192, 111592. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2022.111592

Kashani, F. L., Vaziri, S., Esmaeil Akbari, M., Zeinolabedini, N., Sanaei, H., & Jamshidifar, Z. (2014). The Effectiveness of Creating Hope on Distress of Women with Breast Cancer. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 159, 201–205. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.12.357

Koutra, K., Simos, P., Triliva, S., Lionis, C., & Vgontzas, A. N. (2016). Linking family cohesion and flexibility with expressed emotion, family burden and psychological distress in caregivers of patients with psychosis: A path analytic model. Psychiatry Research, 240, 66–75. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2016.04.017

Lloyd, T. J., & Hastings, R. (2009). Hope as a psychological resilience factor in mothers and fathers of children with intellectual disabilities. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 53(12), 957–968. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2788.2009.01206.x

Lovibond, P. F., & Lovibond, S. H. (1995). The structure of negative emotional states: Comparison of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS) with the Beck Depression and Anxiety Inventories. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 33(3), 335–343. https://doi.org/10.1016/0005-7967(94)00075-U

Maftei, A., Gherguț, A., Roca, D., & Dănilă, O. (2023). Transitioning from decades of segregation: Religiosity and the attitudes towards intellectual disability in Romania. Journal of Beliefs & Values, 44(3), 334–348. https://doi.org/10.1080/13617672.2022.2125674

Maftei, A., Merlici, I.-A., & Dulcianu, A. C. (2024). Insights into the emotional grounds of diverse parenting experiences: Risk and protective factors of psychological distress in mothers of children with autism, Down syndrome, and typical development. International Journal of Developmental Disabilities, 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1080/20473869.2024.2331821

Masten, A. S. (2018). Resilience Theory and Research on Children and Families: Past, Present, and Promise. Journal of Family Theory & Review, 10(1), 12–31. https://doi.org/10.1111/jftr.12255

Mayer, F. A. (2017). From Stigma to empowerment – a journey to reframe disability. In S. Halder & L. C. Assaf (Eds.), Inclusion, Disability and Culture (pp. 97–106). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-55224-8_8

Moberly, N. J., & Dickson, J. M. (2018). Goal conflict, ambivalence and psychological distress: Concurrent and longitudinal relationships. Personality and Individual Differences, 129, 38–42. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2018.03.008

Montgomery, R. J. V., & Kosloski, K. D. (2013). Pathways to a Caregiver Identity and Implications for Support Services. In R. C. Talley & R. J. V. Montgomery (Eds.), Caregiving Across the Lifespan (pp. 131–156). Springer New York. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-5553-0_8

Moss‐Pech, S. A., Southward, M. W., & Cheavens, J. S. (2021). Hope attenuates the negative impact of general psychological distress on goal progress. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 77(6), 1412–1427. https://doi.org/10.1002/jclp.23087

Murray, C., & Doren, B. (2013). Resilience and disability: Concepts, examples, cautions, and prospects. In M. L. Wehmeyer (Ed.), The Oxford handbook of positive psychology and disability (pp. 182–197). Oxford University Press.

Polenick, C. A., Kales, H. C., & Birditt, K. S. (2018). Perceptions of purpose in life within spousal care dyads: Associations with emotional and physical caregiving difficulties. Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 52(1), 77–87. https://doi.org/10.1093/abm/kax005

Rapaport, M. H., Clary, C., Fayyad, R., & Endicott, J. (2005). Quality-of-Life Impairment in Depressive and Anxiety Disorders. American Journal of Psychiatry, 162(6), 1171–1178. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.162.6.1171

Samuel, P. S., Rillotta, F., & Brown, I. (2012). Review: The development of family quality of life concepts and measures. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 56(1), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2788.2011.01486.x

Santini, Z. I., Koyanagi, A., Tyrovolas, S., Mason, C., & Haro, J. M. (2015). The association between social relationships and depression: A systematic review. Journal of Affective Disorders, 175, 53–65. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2014.12.049

Shepherd, D., Landon, J., Goedeke, S., & Meads, J. (2021). Stress and distress in New Zealand parents caring for a child with autism spectrum disorder. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 111, 103875. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ridd.2021.103875

Shin, H., Bartlett, R., & Gagne, J. (2020). Integrative Literature Review on Psychological Distress and Coping Strategies Among Survivors of Adolescent Cancer. Oncology Nursing Forum, 47(5), E131–E148. https://doi.org/10.1188/20.ONF.E131-E148

Snyder, C. R., Harris, C., Anderson, J. R., Holleran, S. A., Irving, L. M., Sigmon, S. T., Yoshinobu, L., Gibb, J., Langelle, C., & Harney, P. (1991). The will and the ways: Development and validation of an individual-differences measure of hope. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 60(4), 570–585. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.60.4.570

Staunton, E., Kehoe, C., & Sharkey, L. (2023). Families under pressure: Stress and quality of life in parents of children with an intellectual disability. Irish Journal of Psychological Medicine, 40(2), 192–199. https://doi.org/10.1017/ipm.2020.4

Sun, Y., Iwagami, M., Watanabe, T., Sakata, N., Sugiyama, T., Miyawaki, A., & Tamiya, N. (2021). Factors associated with psychological distress in family caregivers: Findings from nationwide data in JAPAN. Geriatrics & Gerontology International, 21(9), 855–864. https://doi.org/10.1111/ggi.14250

Tedeschi, R. G., & Calhoun, L. G. (1996). The posttraumatic growth inventory: Measuring the positive legacy of trauma. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 9(3), 455–471. https://doi.org/10.1002/jts.2490090305

Tramonti, F., Petrozzi, A., Burgalassi, A., Milanfranchi, A., Socci, C., Belviso, C., Mainardi, C., Albanesi, G., & Guglielmi, P. (2020). Family functioning and psychological distress in a sample of mental health outpatients: Implications for routine examination and screening. Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice, 26(3), 1042–1047. https://doi.org/10.1111/jep.13253

Valle, M. F., Huebner, E. S., & Suldo, S. M. (2006). An analysis of hope as a psychological strength. Journal of School Psychology, 44(5), 393–406. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsp.2006.03.005

Wang, A., Bai, X., Lou, T., Pang, J., & Tang, S. (2020). Mitigating distress and promoting positive aspects of caring in caregivers of children and adolescents with schizophrenia: Mediation effects of resilience, hope, and social support. International Journal of Mental Health Nursing, 29(1), 80–91. https://doi.org/10.1111/inm.12651

Winger, J. G., Adams, R. N., & Mosher, C. E. (2016). Relations of meaning in life and sense of coherence to distress in cancer patients: A meta‐analysis. Psycho-Oncology, 25(1), 2–10. https://doi.org/10.1002/pon.3798

Yorke, I., White, P., Weston, A., Rafla, M., Charman, T., & Simonoff, E. (2018). The Association Between Emotional and Behavioral Problems in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder and Psychological Distress in Their Parents: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 48(10), 3393–3415. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-018-3605-y

Zhong, Y., Wang, J., & Nicholas, S. (2020). Social support and depressive symptoms among family caregivers of older people with disabilities in four provinces of urban China: The mediating role of caregiver burden. BMC Geriatrics, 20(1), 3. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-019-1403-9

Zimet, G. D., Dahlem, N. W., Zimet, S. G., & Farley, G. K. (1988). The Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support. Journal of Personality Assessment, 52(1), 30–41. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327752jpa5201_2

Zuna, N., Summers, J. A., Turnbull, A. P., Hu, X., & Xu, S. (2010). Theorizing About Family Quality of Life. In R. Kober (Ed.), Enhancing the Quality of Life of People with Intellectual Disabilities (Vol. 41, pp. 241–278). Springer Netherlands. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-9650-0_15

Downloads

Published

2025-03-28

How to Cite

Maftei, A., Cobzeanu, B. M., & Roca, I. C. (2025). Stronger Together: How Family Quality of Life, Hope, and Social Support Alleviate Psychological Distress in Families Experiencing Disability. Revista Romaneasca Pentru Educatie Multidimensionala, 17(1), 198-216. https://doi.org/10.18662/rrem/17.1/947

Issue

Section

Psycho-Social Competencies & Educational Strategies