New Psycho-Active Substances: Ethnobotanicals between Myth and Reality

Authors

  • Rareş Traian Buştean Universitatea din Oradea, Școala Doctorală de Sociologie

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.18662/upasw/21

Keywords:

New psychoactive substances, ethnobotanical, zombie.

Abstract

This article represents a theoretical approach to an increasingly present and publicized topic in the Romanian society, the New Psychoactive Substances (NSP). Most commonly known as "ethnobotanicals" or "zombie drug", these substances have become part of the social reality of contemporary Romania.

The main objective of the article is to present as clearly and concisely what NSPs are and represent, both at the level of Romania and globally.

In trying to achieve the proposed goal, several topics have been addressed, such as the history and definition of NSPs, the types of products, the factors that contributed to their appearance and maintenance on the market, their medical effects and the myths that surround them.

References

Agenţia Naţională Antidrog (2009). Raport Naţional privind Situaţia Drogurilor. România Noie evoluţii, tendinţe şi informaţii detaliate cu privire la temele de interes european. Bucureşti: Agenţia Naţională Antidrog.

Agenţia Naţională Antidrog (2010). Raport Naţional privind Situaţia Drogurilor 2010. Bucureşti: Agenţia Naţională Antidrog.

Agenţia Naţională Antidrog (2011). Raport naţional privind situaţia drogurilor 2011. Bucureşti: Agenţia Naţională Antidrog.

Agenţia Naţională Antidrog (2018). Raport Naţional Privind Situaţia Drogurilor 2018. România noi evoluţii şi tendinţe. Bucureşti: Agenţia Naţională Antidrog.

Alexandrescu, L. (2018). „Ethnobotanicals‟ and „Spice zombies‟: new psychoactive substances in the mainstream media. Drugs: education, prevention and policy, 25(4), 356-364.

Beate Hammond, C. C., Levissianos, S. Mermerci, D., Soe, T. N., Otani, T., Park, M., Pazos, D., Piñeros, K., Umapornsakula, A., Wong, Y.L. (2013). The challenge of new psyhoactive substances. Vienna: Laboratory and Scientific Section United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime

Benea, I. (2017). Droguri amestecate cu otravă de şobolani şi spray de ţânţari, vândute elevilor de liceu. Printre consumatori, copii de 14 ani. Retrieved July 12, 2019, from https://adevarul.ro/locale/iasi/droguri-amestecate-otravasobolani-spray-detantari-vandute-elevilor-liceu-printre-consumatori-copii-14- ani-1_58d28a395ab6550cb8937c8a/index.html

Booth, K. (Producer). (2007). American Drug War: The Last White HopeI [Motion picture]. USA: Passion River.

Chihaia, L. (2018). VIDEO! Senzaţii tari cu otravă pentru şobolani. Retrieved July 11, 2019, from www.somaxtv.com website: https://www.somaxtv.com/senzatiitari-cu-otrava-pentru-sobolani/

Ciobotaru, T. (2015). Adolescenţii din Galaţi se droghează cu otravă de şobolani. Retrieved July 11, 2019, from https://romanialibera.ro/societate/sanatate/adolescentii-din-galati-sedrogheaza-cu-otrava-de-sobolani-365595

Consiliul Uniunii Europene. (2005). Decizia 2005/387/JAI. European Monitoring Center for Drugs and Drug Addiction,

Agentia Nationala Antidrog (2010). ROMÂNIA Noi evoluţii, tendinţe şi informaţii detaliate cu privire la temele de interes european. Bucureşti: Agenţia Naţională Antidrog.

EUROPOL, E. M. C. f. D. a. D. A.-. (2011). EMCDDA–Europol 2011 Annual Report on the implementation of Council Decision 2005/387/JHA

Kelleher, C., Christie, R., Lalor, K., Fox, J., Bowden, M., & O'Donnell, C. (2011). An overview of new psychoactive substances and the outlets supplying them. Retrieved from https://www.nacda.ie/index.php/publications/38-an-overview-ofnew-psychoactive-substances-and-the-outlets-supplying-them.html

Laurance, J. (2012). Matt Bowden: The drugs lord who's strictly legal. Retrieved July 11, 2019, from https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/mattbowden-the-drugs-lord-whos-strictly-legal-7939583.html

Legal High [Def.]. (n.d). In Lexico Online Dictionary, Retrieved June 19, 2019, from https://www.lexico.com/en/definition/legal_high

Lica, C. (2014). CAMPANIE EVZ. Etnobotanicele au produs MUTAŢII PERICULOASE: "Dacă la HEROINĂ eşti conştient, la legale eşti O LEGUMĂ". Retrieved July 11, 2019, from https://evz.ro/campanie-evzetnobotanicele-au-produs-mutatii-in-randul-consumatorilor-daca-la-heroina1085025

Matache, O. (2015a). Ce conţin unele etnobotanice consumate în România? Dezvăluirile medicilor sunt alarmante. Retrieved July 11, 2019, from https://www.descopera.ro/dnews/13792570-ce-contin-unele-etnobotaniceconsumate-in-romania-dezvaluirile-medicilor-sunt-alarmante

Matache, O. (2015b). Galaţi: Medicii avertizează asupra ”avalanşei” cazurilor de tineri care consumă etnobotanice. Substanţele conţin acetonă sau otravă pentru şobolani. Retrieved July 11, 2019, from https://www.mediafax.ro/social/galati-mediciiavertizeaza-asupra-avalansei-cazurilor-de-tineri-care-consuma-etnobotanicesubstantele-contin-acetona-sau-otrava-pentru-sobolani-13792232

McLeod, K., Pickering, L., Gannon, M., Greenwood, S., Liddell, D., Smith, A., . . . Burton, G. (2016). Understanding the patterns of use, motives, and harms of New Psychoactive Substances in Scotland. Retrieved from https://www.gov.scot/publications/understanding-patterns-use-motivesharms-new-psychoactive-substances-scotland/

Ministerul Sănătăţii, Institutul Naţional de Sănătate Publică, Centrul Regional de Sănătate Publică Timişoara. (n.d.). Analiză de Situaţie. Retrieved July 12, 2019, from http://www.dspolt.ro/zlitcd2018/Analiza%20sit%20zlitcd2018.pdf

Munteanu, I. (2010). "Etnobotanicele" sunt prafuri create în laborator. Retrieved June 10, 2019, from https://jurnalul.antena3.ro/specialjurnalul/anchete/etnobotanicele-sunt-prafuri-create-in-laborator559992.html

Murray, B. L., Murphy, C. M., & Beuhler, M. C. (2012). Death Following Recreational Use of Designer Drug" Bath Salts" Containing 3, 4- Methylenedioxypyrovalerone (MDPV). Journal of Medical Toxicology, 8(1), 69- 75.

National Institute on Drug Abuse, N.I.D.A. (2012). Spice (Synthetic & Marijuana). Retrieved July 12, 2019, from https://www.drugabuse.gov/sites/default/files/spice_1.pdf

Nichols, D. (2011). Legal highs: the dark side of medicinal chemistry. Nature News, 469(7328), 7-7.

Parlamentul României (2011). Legea 194/2011 privind combaterea operaţiunilor cu produse susceptibile de a avea efecte psihoactive, altele decât cele prevăzute de acte normative în vigoare*) (2011).

Penders, T. M., & Gestring, R. (2011). Hallucinatory delirium following use of MDPV:“Bath Salts”. General hospital psychiatry, 5(33), 525-526.

Perrone, D., Helgesen, R. D., & Fischer, R. G. (2013). United States drug prohibition and legal highs: How drug testing may lead cannabis users to Spice. Drugs: education, prevention and policy, 20(3), 216-224.

Piotr, S. a. A., Malczewski. (2015). Workstream 3 Online survey among NPS users. Retrieved from http://www.i-trend.eu/publications.htm

Prosser, J. M., & Nelson, L. S. (2012). The toxicology of bath salts: a review of synthetic cathinones. Journal of Medical Toxicology, 8(1), 33-42.

ProTV. (2016). “Pot sa ma las oricand”. Desi e demonstrat ca etnobotanicele pot contine si otrava de sobolani, tinerii continua sa consume. Retrieved July 7, 2019, from https://stirileprotv.ro/stiri/sanatate/pot-sa-ma-las-oricand-desi-edemonstrat-ca-etnobotanicele-pot-contine-si-otrava-de-sobolani-tineriicontinua-sa-consume.html

Richardson III, W. H., Slone, C. M., & Michels, J. E. (2007). Herbal drugs of abuse: an emerging problem. Emergency medicine clinics of North America, 25(2), 435- 457.

Spitalul Clinic Judeţean Oradea şi U.P.U. Oradea, Adresă răspuns către D.I.I.C.O.T. Serviciul Teritorial Oradea, Dosarul Penal 195/D/P/2017

Stanciu, D. (2014). ŞOCANT. Reţetă criminală: otravă de şobolani şi etnobotanice! Retrieved July 7, 2019, from www.expresdebanat.ro

Vince, G. (2006). Legally high. New Scientist, 191(2571), 40-45.

Downloads

Published

2019-07-16

How to Cite

Buştean, R. T. (2019). New Psycho-Active Substances: Ethnobotanicals between Myth and Reality. Anuarul Universitatii Petre Andrei Din Iasi - Fascicula: Asistenta Sociala, Sociologie, Psihologie, 21, 177-191. https://doi.org/10.18662/upasw/21